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Personality-specific carry-over effects on breeding.

Stephanie M Harris1,2, Sébastien Descamps3, Lynne U Sneddon4

  • 1Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, USA.

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Individual differences in pace-of-life affect carry-over effects on breeding. Shy black-legged kittiwakes showed stronger negative impacts from non-breeding activity on reproduction compared to bolder individuals.

Keywords:
annual cycleboldnesscarry-over effectslife-history trade-offspace-of-life syndromereversible state effects

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Area of Science:

  • Animal behavior
  • Ecology
  • Reproductive biology

Background:

  • Carry-over effects link past conditions to future performance, but modulating factors are unclear.
  • The pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis suggests behavioral differences (shy vs. bold) influence resource allocation.
  • Individual variation in carry-over effects on breeding is poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how individual pace-of-life (shy vs. bold behavior) modulates carry-over effects on breeding in black-legged kittiwakes.
  • To test the prediction that shy individuals experience stronger carry-over effects on reproduction than bold individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized miniature biologging devices to measure non-breeding activity in black-legged kittiwakes.
  • Monitored subsequent breeding phenology and performance in relation to non-breeding activity.
  • Quantified individual differences in shy and bold behavior.

Main Results:

  • Negative carry-over effects of non-breeding activity on breeding were observed.
  • These effects were stronger in shyer individuals, manifesting as later breeding and poorer performance after active winters.
  • Bolder individuals showed weaker or undetected carry-over effects, maintaining reproductive allocation.

Conclusions:

  • Individual behavioral differences significantly modulate carry-over effects on breeding success.
  • Shy individuals are more susceptible to negative carry-over effects from past conditions, impacting their reproductive output.
  • Findings explain variation in reproductive success based on individual pace-of-life and carry-over effects.