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Related Concept Videos

Sulfur Assimilation01:20

Sulfur Assimilation

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Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to...
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Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation

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Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
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Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs01:15

Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs

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Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 26, 2025

Development of Sulfidogenic Sludge from Marine Sediments and Trichloroethylene Reduction in an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor
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Achieving rapid thiosulfate-driven denitrification (TDD) in a granular sludge system.

Jin Qian1, Linqin Bai1, Mingkuan Zhang1

  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.

Water Research
|December 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a high-rate thiosulfate-driven denitrification system using granular sludge, achieving efficient biological nitrogen removal. The granular sludge process significantly enhanced nitrate removal rates and stability in wastewater treatment.

Keywords:
Biological nitrogen removal (BNR)Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)Microbial community analysisSludge granulationSulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB)Thiosulfate-driven denitrification (TDD)

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Extraction of Structural Extracellular Polymeric Substances from Aerobic Granular Sludge
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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Microbiology
  • Wastewater Treatment Engineering
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) facilitate autotrophic denitrification (AD) using thiosulfate as an electron donor.
  • Slow SOB growth limits biomass concentration and biological nitrogen removal (BNR) efficiency in AD reactors.
  • Sludge granulation is explored as a strategy to enhance BNR performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a high-rate thiosulfate-driven denitrification (TDD) system through sludge granulation.
  • To investigate the microbial community dynamics and structural components of the granular sludge.
  • To evaluate the efficiency and stability of the TDD system for biological nitrogen removal.

Main Methods:

  • Cultivation of granular sludge in an upflow anaerobic blanket reactor by stepwise increase of nitrogen loading rate.
  • Analysis of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to understand sludge structure.
  • 16S rRNA high-throughput pyrosequencing for microbial community analysis.
  • Batch assays to determine nitrate and nitrite reduction rates.

Main Results:

  • Successful cultivation of granular sludge achieving a nitrate removal rate of 280 mg N/L/h with 97.7% efficiency at a 15-minute hydraulic retention time.
  • Proteins in loosely and tightly bound EPS were identified as key components for maintaining granular sludge structure.
  • The Sulfurimonas genus was significantly enriched (74.1%), indicating its crucial role in high-rate BNR.
  • Simultaneous high rates of nitrate and nitrite reduction prevented nitrite accumulation in the effluent.

Conclusions:

  • Sludge granulation is an effective strategy for establishing a high-rate TDD system for enhanced BNR.
  • The enriched Sulfurimonas population and EPS composition contribute to the system's high performance and stability.
  • The developed system offers a stable, low-sludge-yield approach for efficient biological nitrogen removal.