Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

1.4K
An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0,...
1.4K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

1.5K
NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
1.5K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

928
In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
928
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

2.6K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
2.6K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

1.6K
Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
1.6K
Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)01:07

Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)

1.1K
Irradiation of a spin-active nucleus causes an increase or decrease in the signal intensity of neighboring nuclei that are not necessarily chemically bonded or involved in J-coupling.  This phenomenon, called the Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE), results from through-space interactions between the nuclear spins. The NOE effect decreases with increasing internuclear distance and is generally not observed beyond 4 angstroms. In NOE, dipole-dipole interactions between neighboring...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Hot-Phonon-Induced Distortion of Diamond Defects on Ultrafast Timescales.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Ordering Bent and Straight Dicarboxylate Linkers in an fcu Zirconium Metal-Organic Framework.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025
Same author

Optimisation of dynamic nuclear polarisation using "off-the-shelf" Gd(III)-based polarising agents.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2024
Same author

Stability and C-H Bond Activation Reactions of Palladium(I) and Platinum(I) Metalloradicals: Carbon-to-Metal H-Atom Transfer and an Organometallic Radical Rebound Mechanism.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2023
Same author

Off-the-Shelf Gd(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> as an Efficient High-Spin Metal Ion Polarizing Agent for Magic Angle Spinning Dynamic Nuclear Polarization.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2022
Same author

Sample volume effects in optical overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization.

Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)·2022
Same journal

Phase-transition-driven radiative-decay engineering for high-<i>Q</i> quasi-BIC states in graphene-VO<sub>2</sub> metasurfaces.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same journal

From frameworks to functionality: a review of MOF-derived materials in emerging supercapacitor technologies.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same journal

Zn doping effects on oxygen reduction kinetics of PrBa<sub>0.5</sub>Ca<sub>0.5</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5+<i>δ</i></sub> double perovskite cathode for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same journal

Mechanisms of the CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O co-adsorption behavior of functionalized porous carbons: perspectives of the molecular clustering effect.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same journal

A charge-redistribution threshold governing methane dehydrogenation revealed by cerium oxide and nitride clusters.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same journal

Engineering Fe<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>6</sub>-based heterostructures for high-performance supercapacitors: the role of V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> integration.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 26, 2025

Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications
16:20

Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications

Published on: September 6, 2012

19.9K

Viscosity effects on optically generated electron and nuclear spin hyperpolarization.

Matthew W Dale1, Daniel J Cheney, Claudio Vallotto

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|December 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Optically generated spin hyperpolarization enhances magnetic resonance signals. Increasing solution viscosity with glycerol significantly boosts 1H NMR signal enhancement in these experiments.

More Related Videos

Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging
11:43

Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging

Published on: December 30, 2016

10.8K
Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
09:00

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

10.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 26, 2025

Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications
16:20

Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications

Published on: September 6, 2012

19.9K
Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging
11:43

Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging

Published on: December 30, 2016

10.8K
Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
09:00

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

10.2K

Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
  • Quantum Chemistry
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Spin hyperpolarization significantly amplifies magnetic resonance signal intensity.
  • Traditional hyperpolarization methods often rely on microwave irradiation.
  • Optically generated triplet states offer an emerging alternative for hyperpolarization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the impact of solution viscosity on radical-triplet pair interactions.
  • Develop a novel standard for quantifying hyperpolarization in Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) experiments.
  • Enhance optically generated 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) signal.

Main Methods:

  • Studied radical-triplet pair interactions under varying solution viscosities.
  • Proposed and validated a new quantification standard for EPR hyperpolarization.
  • Measured 1H NMR signal enhancement in aqueous solutions with and without glycerol.

Main Results:

  • Solution viscosity demonstrably affects radical-triplet pair interactions.
  • The proposed quantification standard provides a reliable measure for hyperpolarization.
  • Addition of glycerol led to a substantial increase in optically generated 1H NMR signal enhancement.

Conclusions:

  • Solution viscosity is a critical factor influencing optically generated spin hyperpolarization.
  • The developed quantification method advances EPR hyperpolarization assessment.
  • Viscosity modulation offers a practical strategy to improve NMR signal sensitivity via optical hyperpolarization.