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A Geometry-Based Beamforming Channel Model for UAV mmWave Communications.

Kai Mao1, Qiuming Zhu1, Maozhong Song1

  • 1The Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary

A new channel model for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to vehicle communications using millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies is proposed. This model accounts for 3D movement and beamforming, showing time-variant properties for dynamic environments.

Keywords:
GBSMUAVbeamforming channelsmmWave communicationsray tracing

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Area of Science:

  • Wireless communication
  • Channel modeling
  • Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology

Background:

  • Millimeter wave (mmWave) communication is crucial for high-bandwidth UAV applications.
  • Existing channel models often lack the dynamic 3D aspects of UAV communication.
  • Understanding non-stationary channel behavior is key for reliable UAV links.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel non-stationary geometry-based stochastic channel model for UAV-to-vehicle mmWave links.
  • To incorporate 3D trajectory, antenna array, and beamforming into the channel model.
  • To develop a new parameter computation method for the model.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed a parametric channel model with line-of-sight, ground specular, and two single-bounce paths.
  • Developed a parameter computation method with deterministic and empirical components.
  • Analyzed measured and ray tracing data for UAV mmWave communication links.

Main Results:

  • The proposed model exhibits time-variant statistical properties (power delay and angle profiles).
  • Model variations are dependent on scattering scenarios, UAV position, and beam direction.
  • Autocorrelation function simulations align well with theoretical and measured data.

Conclusions:

  • The novel channel model accurately captures the non-stationary characteristics of UAV mmWave links.
  • The model's time-variant nature is essential for realistic performance evaluation.
  • This work provides a foundation for advanced UAV communication system design.