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Types of Selection01:46

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Softwoods and hardwoods, derived from different types of trees, are distinguished by their leaf structures and cellular compositions, each serving unique purposes in construction and manufacturing. Softwoods come from cone-bearing trees with needle-like leaves and are predominantly composed of longitudinal cells called tracheids and a smaller proportion of radial cells known as rays. Due to their cellular structure, softwoods are commonly used in construction for structural frames, sheathing,...
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How does contemporary selection shape oak phenotypes?

Hermine Alexandre1, Laura Truffaut1, Etienne Klein2

  • 1INRAE University of Bordeaux BIOGECO Cestas France.

Evolutionary Applications
|December 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Temperate oaks face selection pressures. Quercus petraea shows greater adaptive potential than Quercus robur, which may decline, especially in mixed forests.

Keywords:
Quercus petraeaQuercus roburfitnesssecond theorem of selectionselection gradients

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Area of Science:

  • Forestry science
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Plant genetics

Background:

  • Forests face increasing natural and human-driven selection pressures, exacerbated by climate change and resource demands.
  • Understanding how these pressures induce evolutionary changes in forest ecosystems is crucial.
  • Temperate European oaks (Quercus petraea and Quercus robur) are important components of forest ecosystems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary changes in temperate European oaks under selection pressures.
  • To screen functional traits for selection gradients and genetic changes over two generations.
  • To compare the adaptive potential of Quercus petraea and Quercus robur.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of numerous functional traits in Quercus petraea and Quercus robur.
  • Analysis of univariate selection gradients.
  • Assessment of expected and observed genetic changes over two successive generations.

Main Results:

  • Growth, leaf traits, and defense traits showed significant selection and predicted shifts in both oak species.
  • Phenology, water metabolism, structure, and resilience traits did not exhibit significant changes.
  • Quercus petraea exhibited greater phenotypic and genetic variance in fitness compared to Quercus robur.

Conclusions:

  • Quercus petraea possesses a higher capacity for adaptive evolution than Quercus robur.
  • Quercus robur's adaptive response to contemporary pressures is a concern, potentially leading to its decline.
  • Contrasting demographic dynamics suggest Quercus robur may decline, particularly in mixed stands with Quercus petraea.