Patient Satisfaction, Quality Attributes, and Organizational Characteristics: A Hierarchical Linear Model Approach

Patient satisfaction studies have gained more and more attention, and there are many patient satisfaction studies. These studies assume that patients were selected randomly and independently, but patient satisfaction surveys are described as a multistage or hierarchically structured sample. Thus, there is a need to conduct a hierarchical linear model (HLM) analysis with a large number of hospitals. This study utilized an HLM to investigate both the individual patient-level effect on the overall satisfaction rating and the effect of hospital characteristics on the combining process of patient's overall satisfaction rating. This study used patient satisfaction data collected from 100 hospitals with the sample size of 85 766. The hospital-level characteristics include total expense per personnel, payroll expense per personnel, number of staffed beds per personnel, and number of admission per personnel. This study found that hospital characteristics influence overall rating of the hospital through the doctor, staff, and room attributes. When considering the complex nature of the overall patient rating process of hospitals, it makes more sense to analyze hospital characteristics that are interacting with attributes rather than treat hospital characteristics as independent of these factors.