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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Lymphocyte Isolation from Human Skin for Phenotypic Analysis and Ex Vivo Cell Culture
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Developing Human Skin Contains Lymphocytes Demonstrating a Memory Signature.

Miqdad O Dhariwala1, Dhuvarakesh Karthikeyan1, Kimberly S Vasquez1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.

Cell Reports. Medicine
|December 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Early human skin immunity reveals unique T cell populations in fetal skin. These lymphocytes, including regulatory T cells, possess distinct features that may influence immune responses in infants.

Keywords:
Tregsfetalhair follicle developmenthuman skinlymphocytesmemory T cellsskin development

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Lymphocytes are crucial for host defense and tissue homeostasis.
  • Immune cells in barrier tissues can exhibit unique phenotypes during development.
  • Understanding early skin immunity is vital for infant health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the early immunological landscape of human fetal skin.
  • To characterize the phenotypes and functions of lymphocytes in prenatal skin.
  • To explore the developmental dynamics of regulatory T cells in fetal skin.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized mass cytometry and flow cytometry for detailed cellular analysis.
  • Examined lymphocyte populations within human fetal skin samples.
  • Analyzed phenotypes, proliferation, and cytokine production of T cells.

Main Results:

  • Most fetal skin T conventional (Tconv) cells are naive and proliferative.
  • A subset of CD4+ and CD8+ Tconv cells show memory-like features and produce interferon-gamma (IFNγ).
  • Fetal skin regulatory T cells (Tregs) accumulate during the second trimester, associated with hair follicle development, and display an effector memory phenotype distinct from adult Tregs.

Conclusions:

  • Prenatal skin harbors distinct lymphocyte populations with implications for immune development.
  • Early immune cell characteristics in the skin may shape responses to antigens and allergens in utero and infancy.
  • Fetal Tregs exhibit unique molecular profiles compared to adult Tregs, suggesting specialized roles in early skin immunity.