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Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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The factors influencing the health-illness continuum can be internal or external and may or may not be under conscious control. They are related to the following eight human dimensions, and each dimension is interrelated to one other.
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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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[Aging: a global, multidimensional and preventive approach].

Axel Guilbaud1, Aurélie Mailliez2, Éric Boulanger3

  • 1Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE, F-59000, Lille, France.

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Aging is a natural physiological process that begins early and can be influenced by lifestyle and disease. Embracing active aging strategies can lead to successful aging and improved health outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Physiological Aging

Background:

  • Aging is a universal physiological process commencing early in life.
  • Lifestyle factors and chronic diseases can accelerate the aging process.
  • Over 300 aging theories and various animal models exist, highlighting the complexity of the field.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate between chronological and physiological age.
  • To understand the progression of aging and its potential states.
  • To emphasize the reversibility of frailty and promote active aging.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing aging theories and models.
  • Analysis of physiological changes associated with aging from age 30.
  • Observation of aging trajectories leading to vigorous, polypathological, or frail states.

Main Results:

  • Physiological decline in organ function begins around age 30.
  • Aging can result in distinct states: vigorous, polypathological, or frail.
  • The state of frailty is identified as reversible.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals can actively influence their aging process rather than passively experiencing it.
  • Active aging, as exemplified by centenarians in Blue Zones, contributes to successful aging.
  • Promoting an active role in aging can mitigate negative outcomes and enhance well-being.