Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 26, 2025

Resurrection of Dormant Daphnia magna: Protocol and Applications
Published on: January 19, 2018
Overturning circulation, nutrient limitation, and warming in the Glacial North Pacific
J W B Rae1, W R Gray2,3, R C J Wills4
1School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK. jwbr@st-andrews.ac.uk.
Abstract:
Although the Pacific Ocean is a major reservoir of heat and CO2, and thus an important component of the global climate system, its circulation under different climatic conditions is poorly understood. Here, we present evidence that during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the North Pacific was better ventilated at intermediate depths and had surface waters with lower nutrients, higher salinity, and warmer temperatures compared to today. Modeling shows that this pattern is well explained by enhanced Pacific meridional overturning circulation (PMOC), which brings warm, salty, and nutrient-poor subtropical waters to high latitudes. Enhanced PMOC at the LGM would have lowered atmospheric CO2-in part through synergy with the Southern Ocean-and supported an equable regional climate, which may have aided human habitability in Beringia, and migration from Asia to North America.
Related Concept Videos
Global Climate Change
Isothermal Processes
An ideal gas can also undergo isothermal expansion or compression.
For example, consider 1 mole of an ideal gas inside an isolated cylinder at initial volume V...
Osmoregulation in Fishes
Primary Production
Limits to Natural Selection
Disorder of Water Balance
Dehydration
Dehydration occurs when the body loses fluids (particularly water).
Causes:
The major causes of dehydration include excessive sweating, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and diuresis.
Signs and Symptoms:
Symptoms primarily include intense...

