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Growth, Body Composition, and Lung Function in Prepubertal Children with Cystic Fibrosis Diagnosed by Newborn

Elizabeth Owen1, Jane E Williams2, Gwyneth Davies3

  • 1Dietetics Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

Nutrition in Clinical Practice : Official Publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
|December 10, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Newborn screening for cystic fibrosis (CF) identifies children with altered body composition (BC) and lower fat-free mass index (FFMI), particularly in girls. FFMI, not BMI, predicts lung function in these children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Body Composition Analysis
  • Cystic Fibrosis Research

Background:

  • Children with cystic fibrosis (CF) face risks of altered body composition (BC).
  • Newborn screening (NBS) for CF may improve BC outcomes.
  • This study examines BC in prepubertal children diagnosed via NBS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate body composition (BC) in prepubertal children diagnosed with CF through newborn screening (NBS).
  • To explore the relationship between BC and lung function (FEV1).
  • To identify predictors of fat-free mass (FFM) and lung function.

Main Methods:

  • Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans were used to assess whole-body (WB) and appendicular BC in 37 children with CF.
  • Anthropometry and spirometry were performed, with results adjusted for height (FMI, FFMI).
  • Linear regression analyzed predictors of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1).

Main Results:

  • Children with CF diagnosed by NBS showed significantly lower weight and BC (WB FMI, WB FFMI) despite normal height, BMI, and FEV1.
  • Gender differences were observed, with girls exhibiting lower weight, BMI, and BC.
  • Whole-body fat-free mass index (WB FFMI) was the sole significant predictor of FEV1 (P = .016).

Conclusions:

  • Gender-specific differences in growth and BC are evident in prepubertal children with CF diagnosed via NBS.
  • Body composition assessment is recommended for these children, especially girls.
  • Interventions targeting FFM optimization are suggested for improved outcomes.
Abstract

Keywords:
body compositioncystic fibrosisdual-energy x-ray absorptiometryfat-free massnewborn screeningpediatrics

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