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Related Concept Videos

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

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Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.
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Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
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When infrared radiation is passed through a molecule, absorption occurs if the molecule's vibration leads to a substantial change in its bond dipole moment. Transitions between vibrational energy levels, typically corresponding to infrared frequencies (4000–400 cm−1), allow absorption if the vibration significantly alters the dipole moment, making the molecule infrared active. The molecular bonds have different stretching and bending vibrations, resulting in various peaks with...
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IR Spectrometers

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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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The dipole moment of a bond is the product of the partial charge on either atom and the distance between them. Dipole moments influence the efficiency of IR absorption and the peak intensity. When a bond with a dipole moment is placed in an electric field, the direction of the field determines if the bond is compressed or stretched. Electromagnetic radiation consists of an electric field component that rapidly reverses direction. It follows that polar bonds are alternately stretched and...
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When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
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Total Internal Reflection Peak Force Infrared Microscopy.

Haomin Wang1, Le Wang1, Eli Janzen2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States.

Analytical Chemistry
|December 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces peak force infrared microscopy in total internal reflection (TIR) geometry, achieving 10 nm spatial resolution for chemical identification. This novel technique overcomes diffraction limits by using photothermal responses instead of optical detection.

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Area of Science:

  • Spectroscopy and Microscopy
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Total internal reflection (TIR) infrared spectroscopy is valuable for chemical identification but limited by spatial resolution in microscopy.
  • Existing TIR infrared microscopy faces challenges due to optical diffraction limits and wavefront preservation for focusing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel peak force infrared microscopy technique utilizing TIR geometry.
  • To achieve nanoscale spatial resolution (10 nm) for infrared chemical analysis.
  • To demonstrate the technique's versatility on diverse material types.

Main Methods:

  • Employed peak force tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) in a TIR configuration.
  • Utilized photothermal responses of the sample for detection, bypassing traditional optical detection.
  • Applied the technique to structured polymers and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) flakes.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a spatial resolution of 10 nm, significantly surpassing conventional TIR infrared microscopy.
  • Successfully characterized both soft matter (structured polymers) and 2D materials (h-BN).
  • Demonstrated nanoinfrared imaging with TIR excitation for photoinduced force microscopy (PIFM).

Conclusions:

  • Peak force infrared microscopy in TIR geometry offers a significant advancement in nanoscale chemical imaging.
  • The method simplifies optical alignment and provides new instrument design principles for AFM-based infrared microscopy.
  • This technique broadens the applicability of infrared spectroscopy for analyzing materials at the nanoscale.