Calculation of displacements and internal forces of anchored retaining piles

Pile-anchor retaining structures are widely used in excavation engineering. The evaluation of lateral displacements, the internal forces of piles are extremely important for the performance of the structure. Most of the existing methods are empirical, semiempirical or FEM methods, while analytic calculation methods for this evaluation are rare. This paper presents an analytic method to calculate the displacements and internal forces of anchored retaining piles based on the existing design code. In the calculation method, the singular function is applied to evaluate the effect of segmented loading on the deflection of a beam with a nonuniform cross section. The load concentration function, expressed by the singular function, can describe the segmented load and be integrated without a complicated procedure for determining the integral constants. The method is applied to a structure in Wenzhou, China, and the calculation results are compared to the field measurement results. This method is only valid for pre-failure predictions.