Comparison of a standard computer-assisted cognitive training program to a music enhanced program: A mixed methods study

Between 17 and 75% of breast cancer survivors (BCS) experience long-term cognitive deficits such as deficits in memory, attention, processing speed, and executive function.

This study aimed to (a) compare effects of a standard computer-assisted cognitive training (CACT) program to a CACT program enhanced with music (CACT+A) to improve focus and concentration on BCS' memory, cognition, quality of life (QOL), and participation in everyday activities; and (b) garner participants' perspectives of effects of the programs to determine best practice.

An embedded design was employed in this mixed methods study. Participants who reported cognitive problems were recruited through breast cancer support groups. Four pre and post-tests were used followed by a qualitative interview.

Twenty-five BCS, ages 31 to 72 years participated. The CACT group demonstrated significantly improved pre to post-test scores for working memory, QOL, and three subscales of the Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool (MOHOST) measuring participation in everyday activities. The CACT+A group had significant improvement for four FACT-Cog cognitive function subscales and the total score. Five themes emerged from the interview: Cognitive skill, Strategy learned, No change, QOL factors, and Participation in everyday activities. The CACT+A group expressed experiencing a larger ratio of improvements, most notably for memory and QOL factors.

CACT+A is an auspicious intervention option for BCS who self-report cognitive issues. It is convenient to participate in at home and allows BCS to safely self-isolate if need be. This study is a registered clinical trial protocol: TexasWU record 19 959.