Electrochromic Nanochannels for Visual Nanofluidic Manipulation in Integrated Ionic Circuits

Nanochannel system provides a promising platform to create nanofluidic components in large-scale integrated circuits for "lab-on-a-chip" applications. However, it is a big challenge to achieve in situ monitoring on microscopic nanofluidic manipulation of single nanofluidic components in the integrated ionic circuit. Herein, we present a simple approach to realize visual nanofluidic manipulation in asymmetric nanochannels by the functionalization of an electrochromic polyaniline coating, which demonstrates redox-tunable surface charge accompanied by a visible color variation. The electrochromic nanochannels present a green color when behaving as ionic diodes, while the color turns to light yellow in a manner of ionic resistor. Moreover, both ionic transport behavior and color transition could respond well with alternating switch between redox states, contributing to a reversible and stable visual nanofluidic manipulation of electrochromic nanochannels. This work will create new avenues on in situ characterizing nanofluidic manipulation of nanofluidic components in integrated ionic circuits for intelligent sensing and detection applications.