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Phagocytosis00:41

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Cells pull particles inward and engulf them in spherical vesicles in an energy-requiring process called endocytosis. Phagocytosis ("cellular eating") is one of three major types of endocytosis. Cells use phagocytosis to take in large objects, such as other cells (or their debris), bacteria, and even viruses.
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Cell division and enlargement are processes that require precise control. The control ensures that cell division cannot proceed unless the cell has grown to a specific size. A spherical, dividing cell requires an approximately 1.6X increase in its surface area to double its volume. The secretory pathway also has a significant role in cell membrane enlargement. Secretory vesicles that bud off from the Golgi apparatus and later fuse with the plasma membrane during exocytosis are a major source of...
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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 26, 2025

"Phagosome Closure Assay" to Visualize Phagosome Formation in Three Dimensions Using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescent Microscopy TIRFM
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Plugging a Leak: How Phagosomes "Stretch" to Accommodate Pathogen Growth.

Chinaemerem U Onyishi1, Guillaume E Desanti1, Robin C May1

  • 1Institute of Microbiology & Infection and School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.

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When the fungus Candida albicans grows inside phagocytes, lysosomes fuse with the phagosome. This fusion maintains the phagosome

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Immunology
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Phagocytes are immune cells that engulf pathogens into phagosomes.
  • Pathogen expansion within phagosomes poses a challenge to host cell integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the host cell response to growing fungal pathogens within phagosomes.
  • To understand the mechanisms maintaining phagosomal integrity during pathogen expansion.

Main Methods:

  • Live-cell imaging of phagosome-lysosome dynamics.
  • Microscopy techniques to observe Candida albicans growth within phagocytes.

Main Results:

  • Lysosomes were observed to fuse with phagosomes containing expanding Candida albicans.
  • This fusion process is crucial for maintaining the structural integrity of the phagosome membrane.
  • The study elucidates a novel host-pathogen interaction mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • Lysosome-phagosome fusion is a critical defense mechanism against intracellular fungal growth.
  • This process prevents phagosomal rupture and limits pathogen dissemination.
  • Understanding this interaction can inform therapeutic strategies against Candida albicans infections.