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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 26, 2025

Evaluation of Microbial Safety of Dairies using Bacterial Proteomic Profiling via MALDI Approach

Evaluation of Microbial Safety of Dairies using Bacterial Proteomic Profiling via MALDI Approach

Published on: October 7, 2025

Using Dairy Value Chains to Identify Production Constraints and Biosecurity Risks.

Jaswinder Singh¹, Balbir B Singh^2,3, Harish Kumar Tiwari³

¹Department of Veterinary &Animal Husbandry Extension Education, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141004, India.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI

|December 11, 2020

Summary

Biosecurity risks in India

Keywords:

cattle infectious diseases dairy value chain farm biosecurity risk nodes value chain mapping

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Epidemiology
Animal Husbandry
Food Security

Background:

The Indian dairy industry is vital for economy and food security.
Dairy value chains present potential biosecurity risks.
Limited data exists on pathogen transmission pathways in Indian dairy systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify production constraints and biosecurity risks in Punjab's dairy value chains.
To map potential pathogen transmission nodes.
To assess current farming and veterinary practices.

Main Methods:

Focus group discussions and key informant interviews (n=119) in Punjab, India (2018-2019).
Analysis of dairy input and output value chains.
Identification of pathogen transmission risk nodes.

Main Results:

Low adoption of biosecurity measures and personal protective equipment (PPE) observed.
Animals traded without health certification or testing.
High use of artificial insemination (AI) for cattle (85%) and buffaloes (68%).
Vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease and hemorrhagic septicemia reported by 76% of farmers.

Conclusions:

Identified risk nodes require further epidemiological study.
Training on biosecurity and PPE use is crucial for practitioners and farmers.
Strengthening biosecurity is essential for animal health and the dairy sector.