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Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
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COVID-19 and diabetes: A bidirectional relationship.

Marcos M Lima-Martínez1, Carlos Carrera Boada2, Marialaura D Madera-Silva3

  • 1Unidad de Endocrinología, Diabetes, Metabolismo y Nutrición, Anexo Centro Médico Orinoco, Ciudad Bolívar, Bolívar, Venezuela; Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Universidad de Oriente, Núcleo Bolívar, Ciudad Bolívar, Bolívar, Venezuela.

Clinica E Investigacion En Arteriosclerosis : Publicacion Oficial De La Sociedad Espanola De Arteriosclerosis
|December 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary

People with diabetes face worse outcomes with COVID-19 due to impaired immunity and increased inflammation. SARS-CoV-2 may also directly damage the pancreas, worsening hyperglycemia and potentially causing new-onset diabetes.

Keywords:
AngiotensinAngiotensinaCOVID-19CoronavirusDiabetesPandemiaPandemic

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is a common comorbidity in COVID-19 patients, affecting 7-30%.
  • Diabetic patients experience higher hospitalization, severe pneumonia, and mortality rates from SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Chronic hyperglycemia and low-grade inflammation in diabetes impair immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the bidirectional pathophysiological mechanisms linking COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus.
  • To discuss the implications for hyperglycemia management and patient prognosis in COVID-19 survivors with diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on COVID-19 and diabetes.
  • Analysis of pathophysiological mechanisms.
  • Discussion of therapeutic strategies and management.

Main Results:

  • Diabetes exacerbates COVID-19 severity through compromised immunity and heightened inflammatory responses.
  • SARS-CoV-2 can directly impact pancreatic function, potentially worsening hyperglycemia or inducing new-onset diabetes.
  • Individualized management of blood glucose and comorbidities is crucial for reducing complications.

Conclusions:

  • The relationship between COVID-19 and diabetes is bidirectional and complex.
  • Effective management requires addressing both viral infection and metabolic control.
  • Optimizing patient care pathways is essential to mitigate the impact on health systems.