Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

655
Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...
655
Hierarchy of Motor Control01:18

Hierarchy of Motor Control

5.2K
The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.
5.2K
Reinforcement Schedules01:24

Reinforcement Schedules

340
Positive reinforcement is a powerful method for teaching new behaviors to both animals and humans. B.F. Skinner demonstrated this with his experiments using rats in a Skinner box. When a rat pressed a lever, it received a food pellet. This immediate reward encouraged the rat to repeat the behavior. This method, where a reward follows every instance of the behavior, is known as continuous reinforcement. It is highly effective for establishing new behaviors quickly.
Once a behavior is learned,...
340
Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning01:15

Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning

1.0K
Classical conditioning not only includes the initial pairing of stimuli but also extends to more complex forms, such as higher-order conditioning. Higher-order conditioning involves creating associations beyond the primary conditioned stimulus, resulting in a chain of conditioned responses.
Higher-order, or second-order, conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an already established conditioned stimulus through repeated pairings. For instance, if a dog has been...
1.0K
Role of Shaping in Operant Conditioning01:19

Role of Shaping in Operant Conditioning

749
Shaping is a technique used in operant conditioning to train complex behaviors by rewarding successive approximations toward the target behavior. This method is necessary because organisms are unlikely to perform complex behaviors spontaneously. Instead, shaping breaks down the desired behavior into small, manageable steps.
The steps involved in shaping begin with reinforcing any response that resembles the desired behavior. For example, parents might praise a child for picking up one toy. As...
749
Reinforcement01:23

Reinforcement

625
Positive and negative reinforcement are key concepts in operant conditioning, a learning process where the consequences of a behavior affect the likelihood of that behavior being repeated.
Positive reinforcement occurs when a behavior is followed by the presentation of a rewarding stimulus, increasing the frequency of that behavior. For example:
625

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Retraction Note: Targeting 17q23 amplicon to overcome the resistance to anti-HER2 therapy in HER2+ breast cancer.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

From Mechanisms to Therapy: Targeting the Gut-Brain Axis in Chronic Gastrointestinal Pain.

Pharmacological research·2026
Same author

An approach based on Hilbert transform to extract coherent modes from Doppler backscattering system under imbalances of quadrature mixer.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
Same author

Targeting the AMPK/ACC pathway with luteolin suppresses de novo lipogenesis and limits tumor burden in a MASH-HCC mouse model.

Life sciences·2026
Same author

Amendment to Somatic mutation of the cohesin complex subunit confers therapeutic vulnerabilities in cancer.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2026
Same author

Amendment to Atractylenolide I enhances responsiveness to immune checkpoint blockade therapy by activating tumor antigen presentation.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2026
Same journal

babebi: An R Package for Bayesian Estimation and Validation in Small-N Two-Rater Pre-Post Designs.

Applied psychological measurement·2026
Same journal

A Tool for Agreement and Alignment Analysis in Binary Rating Tasks: The R Package scindex.

Applied psychological measurement·2026
Same journal

The EM Algorithm and Its Variants in Cognitive Diagnostic Models: Comparing Their Propensity for Boundaries, Extremes, Convergence, and Suboptimal Solutions.

Applied psychological measurement·2026
Same journal

When Perceptions of Social Desirability Differ: Implications for the Multidimensional Nominal Response Model of Faking.

Applied psychological measurement·2026
Same journal

csemGT: An R Package for Estimating Raw-Score Conditional Standard Errors of Measurement in Generalizability Theory.

Applied psychological measurement·2026
Same journal

Confirmatory Factor Analysis with Adaptive Quadrature Estimator Using Four Link Functions.

Applied psychological measurement·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 26, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Neural Mechanisms Through Automated Evaluation of Motor Learning and Myelin Plasticity Studies Using the Erasmus Ladder
08:51

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Neural Mechanisms Through Automated Evaluation of Motor Learning and Myelin Plasticity Studies Using the Erasmus Ladder

Published on: December 15, 2023

1.7K

Optimal Hierarchical Learning Path Design With Reinforcement Learning.

Xiao Li1, Hanchen Xu1, Jinming Zhang1

  • 1University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.

Applied Psychological Measurement
|December 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an optimal learning policy for e-learning systems, enhancing adaptive learning paths. It uses a hierarchical skill model and reinforcement learning for efficient, personalized education.

Keywords:
Markov decision processattribute hierarchy modelcognitive diagnostic modelhidden Markov modelpersonalized learningreinforcement learning

More Related Videos

Recording Single Neurons' Action Potentials from Freely Moving Pigeons Across Three Stages of Learning
11:20

Recording Single Neurons' Action Potentials from Freely Moving Pigeons Across Three Stages of Learning

Published on: June 2, 2014

12.2K
Behavioral Training Procedures for Head-fixed Virtual Reality in Mice
06:27

Behavioral Training Procedures for Head-fixed Virtual Reality in Mice

Published on: September 6, 2024

1.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 26, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Neural Mechanisms Through Automated Evaluation of Motor Learning and Myelin Plasticity Studies Using the Erasmus Ladder
08:51

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Neural Mechanisms Through Automated Evaluation of Motor Learning and Myelin Plasticity Studies Using the Erasmus Ladder

Published on: December 15, 2023

1.7K
Recording Single Neurons' Action Potentials from Freely Moving Pigeons Across Three Stages of Learning
11:20

Recording Single Neurons' Action Potentials from Freely Moving Pigeons Across Three Stages of Learning

Published on: June 2, 2014

12.2K
Behavioral Training Procedures for Head-fixed Virtual Reality in Mice
06:27

Behavioral Training Procedures for Head-fixed Virtual Reality in Mice

Published on: September 6, 2024

1.7K

Area of Science:

  • Artificial Intelligence in Education
  • Cognitive Science
  • Educational Technology

Background:

  • E-learning systems offer adaptive and efficient learning experiences compared to traditional classrooms.
  • A critical component of e-learning is the learning policy, which dictates personalized learning paths.
  • Current learning policies often lack optimal strategies for complex skill hierarchies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel framework for optimizing learning policies in e-learning systems.
  • To address the challenge of determining the best learning path for learners with hierarchical skills.
  • To enhance the adaptiveness and efficiency of e-learning through intelligent path selection.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a hierarchical skill model to represent learners' knowledge structure.
  • Integrated a cognitive diagnosis model to assess various mastery levels of hierarchical skills.
  • Applied a model-free reinforcement learning method to find the optimal learning policy without assuming learner transition processes.

Main Results:

  • Successfully modeled learners' hierarchical skills and their mastery levels.
  • Identified an optimal learning policy that considers the hierarchical nature of skills.
  • Demonstrated the framework's effectiveness through simulation studies, showing improved learning path optimization.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed framework effectively optimizes learning policies in e-learning environments.
  • Hierarchical skill modeling combined with reinforcement learning provides a robust approach to personalized education.
  • This research contributes to more adaptive and efficient e-learning experiences.