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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 26, 2025

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How Does SARS-CoV-2 Affect the Central Nervous System? A Working Hypothesis.

Fabio Panariello1, Lorenzo Cellini2, Maurizio Speciani2

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Frontiers in Psychiatry
|December 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, a systemic disease affecting multiple organs, including the central nervous system (CNS). This study explores how SARS-CoV-2 invades the CNS, potentially exacerbating neuropsychiatric disorders.

Keywords:
ACE2Alzheimer diseaseAng(1-7)/MasCOVID-19RAASSARS-CoVbrain agingneurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders abstract

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Virology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) presents as a systemic illness, extending beyond initial respiratory symptoms to affect various organs.
  • Neurological symptoms, including dizziness, headache, seizures, hyposmia, hypogeusia, and stroke, are reported in a significant percentage of COVID-19 patients, particularly older males with comorbidities.
  • The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) utilizes the human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor for cellular entry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 affects the central nervous system (CNS).
  • To elucidate the role of ACE2 and the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS) in SARS-CoV-2-induced neurological complications.
  • To hypothesize the process of SARS-CoV-2 invasion into the CNS and its contribution to neuropsychiatric disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on COVID-19 manifestations, neurological symptoms, and viral entry mechanisms.
  • Analysis of the topographical distribution and density of ACE2 receptors in the CNS.
  • Hypothetical modeling of SARS-CoV-2 CNS invasion pathways.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 is a multi-organ disease with significant neurological involvement.
  • ACE2 receptors are present in various CNS cell types, making them potential targets for SARS-CoV-2.
  • SARS-CoV-2 infection may lead to or exacerbate neuropsychiatric disorders, including cognitive impairment and Alzheimer-like symptoms, especially in the elderly.

Conclusions:

  • SARS-CoV-2 can invade the CNS, contributing to a range of neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms.
  • Understanding ACE2 distribution is crucial for comprehending SARS-CoV-2's neuropathogenesis.
  • The findings provide a potential explanation for the increased risk of cognitive decline and other neuropsychiatric issues in elderly COVID-19 patients.