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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Social Media Studies
  • Information Science

Background:

  • Social media, particularly Facebook, is a major information source during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Health organizations disseminate vital information, but misinformation also proliferates, obscuring credible sources.
  • The rapid spread of health-related misinformation poses a significant public health challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the extent of misinformation on Facebook regarding COVID-19.
  • To assess the effectiveness of Facebook's fact-checking policies in combating health misinformation.
  • To quantify the prevalence of both accurate and inaccurate COVID-19 information shared on the platform.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a biased online search using a new Facebook account with various keywords.
  • Collected and tabulated data from 454 Facebook posts.
  • Performed descriptive statistical analysis using SPSS, setting statistical significance at p<0.05.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 22.3% of posts contained misinformation, and 19.6% were unverifiable.
  • Verified accounts and informal individual/group accounts were the most frequent sources of COVID-19 information.
  • A significant portion of content (27.5%) was correct and verifiable by the World Health Organization (WHO) or Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Conclusions:

  • Misinformation and unverifiable content related to COVID-19 are spreading at an alarming rate on social media.
  • Facebook's fact-check policy appears insufficient to curb the spread of health misinformation.
  • Urgent initiatives are needed to control the COVID-19 infodemic, with further research recommended for other platforms.