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Developing a research question: A research primer for low- and middle-income countries.

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African Journal of Emergency Medicine : Revue Africaine De La Medecine D'Urgence
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Developing research questions for emergency care (EC) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is crucial. This guide offers a step-wise approach for clinicians to conduct impactful research and improve patient outcomes in resource-limited settings.

Keywords:
Emergency careEmergency medicineQualitativeQuantitativeResearch

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Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Health Systems Research

Background:

  • Growing demand for emergency care (EC) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) necessitates expanded evidence for clinical and systems interventions.
  • Clinicians are vital in identifying and addressing research gaps in resource-limited EC settings.
  • Existing research priorities in global EC are categorized into systems-based and clinical care research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize established research priorities for global EC.
  • To provide a step-wise approach for developing research questions in EC.
  • To offer resources and guidance for EC clinicians in resource-limited settings.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established research priorities in global emergency care.
  • Guidance on developing research questions using quantitative (PECO formula) and qualitative approaches.
  • Inclusion of tips, pitfalls, and resources for clinical researchers.

Main Results:

  • Research priorities are divided into systems-based and clinical care research.
  • Quantitative research questions can be framed using the PECO formula (Population, Exposure, Comparator, Outcome).
  • Qualitative research may benefit from theoretical frameworks and purpose statements.

Conclusions:

  • Clinicians can conduct impactful research in resource-limited EC settings.
  • Structured approaches and available resources can aid in developing effective research questions.
  • This work aims to improve outcomes for patients with acute illness and injury in global EC settings.