Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 26, 2025

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid GABA into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
Published on: May 16, 2019
Super refractory status epilepticus secondary to anti-GAD antibody encephalitis successfully treated with aggressive
Fatima Jaafar1, Laith Haddad1, Nadia Koleilat1
1Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
Abstract:
Antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase are reported in association with a number of neurological conditions including limbic encephalitis. We report a case of anti-GAD-antibody associated encephalitis presenting with super-refractory status epilepticus. We describe the clinical course, management, and the outcome. In addition, we review the presentation and outcomes of reported cases of anti-GAD encephalitis. Similar to the reported cases of anti-GAD encephalitis, our case was refractory to treatment with conventional antiseizure medication. Treatment with intravenous immune globulin (IVIG), high dose corticosteroids, and plasmapheresis had partial response, but escalation of treatment to the use of tocilizumab was associated with significant clinical improvement.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists
Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy
Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...

