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COVID-19 Severity: Lung-Heart Interplay

Gayatri Puri1, Vikram P Singh2, Amarjit S Naura1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.

Current Cardiology Reviews
|December 11, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Severe COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) can cause lung failure and heart damage. Understanding the lung-heart connection is crucial for developing effective treatments and improving patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, emerged globally in late 2019, causing widespread illness and mortality.
  • The virus primarily targets the pulmonary system, potentially leading to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and lung failure.
  • Co-morbidities like cardiovascular disease and diabetes are linked to increased COVID-19 severity, with myocardial injury observed even in patients without prior heart conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the intricate relationship between lung and heart function during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the observed lung-heart crosstalk in COVID-19 patients.
  • To provide insights for developing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to mitigate COVID-19 severity.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current scientific literature on COVID-19 pathophysiology.
  • It analyzes mechanisms of pulmonary damage and secondary cardiac complications.
  • The focus is on understanding the interplay between respiratory and cardiovascular systems.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection can trigger significant pulmonary inflammation, leading to systemic effects.
  • Pulmonary damage can precipitate myocardial injury, even in individuals without pre-existing cardiovascular conditions.
  • The crosstalk between lung and heart contributes to the high mortality rates observed in severe COVID-19 cases.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the lung-heart axis in COVID-19 is essential for early diagnosis and risk stratification.
  • Identifying these mechanisms can guide the development of targeted treatments to reduce disease severity and mortality.
  • Further research into this crosstalk may reveal novel therapeutic targets for managing severe COVID-19.

Keywords:
ARDSCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2cardiovascular diseaselung-heart interplay.respiratory failure

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