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COVID-19 cases and testing in 53 prison systems.

Katherine Lemasters1, Erin McCauley2, Kathryn Nowotny3

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COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) spread rapidly in US prisons. Higher case rates were observed in most state prisons compared to the general population, highlighting the need for better surveillance and mitigation strategies.

Keywords:
COVID-19, health disparitiesMass incarceration

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Criminology

Background:

  • Incarcerated populations face disproportionate health risks due to social and structural determinants.
  • Prisons, as congregate living settings, impede social distancing and facilitate rapid disease transmission.
  • Limited data on COVID-19 testing, positivity, cases, and fatality in prisons hinders understanding of the pandemic's impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically analyze COVID-19 testing, test positivity, case, and case fatality data in 53 US prison systems.
  • To compare COVID-19 data between state prison systems and the general population.
  • To provide critical data for understanding the early pandemic's impact on incarcerated individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the COVID Prison Project through July 15, 2020.
  • Collected and analyzed data on COVID-19 testing, test positivity, cases, and case fatality.
  • Compared prison system data with each state's general population data.

Main Results:

  • Significant variation exists in reported COVID-19 data across states, with some failing to report complete information.
  • Increased testing in prisons led to the identification of more cases.
  • The majority of state prisons exhibited higher COVID-19 case rates than their respective general populations.

Conclusions:

  • Findings highlight the urgent need for effective COVID-19 mitigation and surveillance strategies within correctional facilities.
  • Further research is essential to protect the health of incarcerated individuals, a vulnerable population.
  • The study emphasizes the importance of robust data collection for public health interventions in prisons.