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Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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Oogenesis,  the process of developing egg cells (female gametes), occurs within the ovaries and is fundamental to female fertility. This sequence begins during fetal development when diploid oogonia in the developing ovaries undergo mitotic divisions to produce primary oocytes. By birth, these primary oocytes enter prophase I of meiosis but become arrested in this stage, remaining suspended until puberty.
Each primary oocyte is surrounded by a layer of pre-granulosa cells, forming what is...
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Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold...
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During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
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Meiosis vs. Mitosis02:57

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Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
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Meiosis I03:09

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Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
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The complex relationship between female age and embryo euploidy.

Antonio La Marca1, Martina Capuzzo2, Maria G Imbrogno2

  • 1Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults, Polyclinic of Modena, Modena, Italy - antonio.lamarca@unimore.it.

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Female age significantly impacts embryo chromosomal abnormalities, with blastocyst euploidy rates declining non-linearly as women age. Advanced machine learning models accurately predict these age-related changes in euploidy rates.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Genetics
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Female age is the primary determinant of embryo chromosomal abnormalities.
  • Blastocyst euploidy rates exhibit a non-linear decline with advancing maternal age.
  • Oocyte-related chromosomal abnormalities significantly contribute to aneuploidy with age.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a predictive model for blastocyst euploidy rates in in-vitro fertilization/intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) cycles.
  • To utilize advanced machine learning techniques for modeling age-related changes in euploidy.
  • To accurately assess the impact of female age on IVF/ICSI outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 3879 blastocysts from IVF/ICSI cycles (2014-2016).
  • Inclusion of patients undergoing PGT-Aneuploidy analysis (PGT-A).
  • Comparison of linear regression, gradient boosted tree (GBT), and generalized additive models (GAM) for predicting euploidy rates.

Main Results:

  • Female age is confirmed as the strongest predictor of embryo chromosomal abnormalities and blastocyst euploidy.
  • A non-linear relationship between female age and blastocyst euploidy rate was observed, effectively modeled by GBT and GAM.
  • The rate of euploid blastocyst reduction accelerates with age, with significant yearly variations noted after 37 years.

Conclusions:

  • Female age is the paramount factor influencing embryo chromosomal abnormalities and blastocyst euploidy.
  • The non-linear relationship between female age and euploidy rates is robustly demonstrated.
  • Other factors like male age and BMI have minimal impact on embryo euploidy rates.