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Nasopharyngeal colonization with pathobionts is associated with susceptibility to respiratory illnesses in young

Timothy J Chapman1, Matthew C Morris2, Lei Xu1

  • 1Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester, NY, United States of America.

Plos One
|December 11, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Early life exposure to respiratory pathobionts like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis influences children's susceptibility to infections. This research identifies key factors in early childhood respiratory illness development.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Childhood respiratory infections are common, but susceptibility factors remain unclear.
  • Early life microbial colonization may play a role in immune system development and subsequent illness risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between bacterial colonization and physician-attended illness visits in early childhood.
  • To identify children prone to infection and allergies (IAP) and analyze their microbial exposures.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of clinical samples from 358 children.
  • Unsupervised clustering to identify infection and allergy-prone (IAP) children.
  • Analysis of nasopharyngeal (NP) pathobionts and commensal microbiota.

Main Results:

  • IAP children had higher rates of respiratory infection and allergy-mediated illnesses.
  • Early colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae, non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis was linked to IAP status.
  • Moraxella abundance negatively correlated with NP microbiome diversity.

Conclusions:

  • Early mucosal pathobiont exposure influences children's susceptibility to respiratory illnesses.
  • Microbiome diversity and early colonization patterns are critical factors in pediatric respiratory health.

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