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Fat and breast cancer.

L J Kinlen1

  • 1CRC Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Edinburgh.

Cancer Surveys
|January 1, 1987
PubMed
Summary

While geographical studies suggest a link between fat intake and breast cancer, individual studies fail to confirm this. Alternative factors like body weight and age at first birth may be more significant for breast cancer risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Oncology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Global breast cancer incidence and mortality rates show a correlation with per capita fat consumption.
  • Increased breast cancer rates observed in Japanese populations in Japan and the US coincide with rising fat intake.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the hypothesis linking dietary fat to breast cancer.
  • To explore alternative explanations for observed correlations and trends in breast cancer frequency.

Main Methods:

  • Review of geographical correlations between fat consumption and breast cancer rates.
  • Analysis of case-control and prospective studies investigating the fat-breast cancer relationship.
  • Consideration of other lifestyle and demographic factors influencing breast cancer risk.

Main Results:

  • Geographical correlations suggest a link, but case-control and prospective studies have largely failed to confirm a causal relationship between fat intake and breast cancer.
  • Evidence supporting fat as a primary cause of breast cancer appears exaggerated.
  • Alternative factors such as body weight, body size, age at menarche, and age at first birth, all influenced by caloric intake, are suggested as significant contributors to breast cancer risk and fatality.

Conclusions:

  • The hypothesis that dietary fat causes breast cancer requires re-evaluation due to conflicting evidence.
  • Factors beyond dietary fat, including obesity and reproductive history, play a crucial role in breast cancer development and outcomes.
  • Further research should focus on a multifactorial approach to understanding breast cancer etiology, considering the interplay of various lifestyle and biological factors.

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