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Temperature-mediated trade-off between development and performance in larval wood frogs (Rana sylvatica).

Kaija Gahm1, A Z Andis Arietta2, David K Skelly2

  • 1Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part A, Ecological and Integrative Physiology
|December 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Wood frogs show a trade-off between development and performance. Faster development in warmer conditions leads to slower burst speeds, challenging countergradient variation theories in this species.

Keywords:
amphibianburst speedcountergradientdevelopmentdevelopmental plasticitylocomotionmorphometricsperformanceswimmingthermal physiology

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Amphibian Ecology
  • Physiological Ecology

Background:

  • Countergradient variation, where organisms from colder climates develop faster, is observed across diverse taxa.
  • This pattern suggests a trade-off between development rate and other traits, such as performance.
  • The wood frog (Rana sylvatica) is a model organism for studying countergradient variation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the trade-off between development rate and locomotor performance in the wood frog.
  • To determine if countergradient variation in performance exists in Rana sylvatica populations.
  • To understand the implications of development-performance trade-offs for evolutionary patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Wood frogs from 10 populations were reared under two contrasting temperature regimes.
  • Development rates and burst speeds were measured for individuals under different thermal conditions.
  • Reaction norms for performance were analyzed across populations to detect countergradient variation.

Main Results:

  • Individuals reared under warmer conditions developed faster but had 20% lower burst speeds compared to those reared under colder conditions.
  • The reaction norm slopes were consistent across populations, indicating no countergradient variation in performance.
  • Wild-caught tadpoles showed a similar, though not statistically significant, trend in burst speed.

Conclusions:

  • A significant trade-off exists between development rate and locomotor performance in wood frogs.
  • This development-performance trade-off may be a widespread phenomenon influencing evolutionary adaptations.
  • The findings provide insights into the mechanisms potentially driving countergradient variation in other species.