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Tafenoquine: a toxicity overview.

Cindy S Chu1,2, Jimee Hwang3,4

  • 1Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand.

Expert Opinion on Drug Safety
|December 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tafenoquine is a well-tolerated anti-malarial drug for adults, effective against malaria relapse and for prophylaxis. Careful G6PD testing and pregnancy assessment are crucial due to potential adverse events in specific populations.

Keywords:
8-aminoquinolineadverse effectcausal prophylaxischemoprophylaxisdrug safetymeta-analysisplasmodium vivaxradical curerelapse preventiontafenoquine

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Tropical Medicine
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • 8-aminoquinolines are the only drug class that prevents malaria relapse.
  • Tafenoquine, a newer 8-aminoquinoline, is approved for treating and preventing malaria.
  • Contraindications include pregnancy, unknown or deficient glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) status, and psychiatric illness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review adverse events associated with tafenoquine in human clinical trials.
  • To conduct a meta-analysis of commonly reported adverse events, grouped by comparison arms.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of English-language human clinical trials.
  • Meta-analysis of reported adverse events.

Main Results:

  • Tafenoquine is generally well-tolerated in adults for radical cure and prophylaxis.
  • No convincing evidence of neurologic, ophthalmic, or cardiac toxicities was found.
  • Psychotic disorders are linked to higher doses, necessitating contraindication for chemoprophylaxis and warning for radical cure.

Conclusions:

  • Pregnancy and quantitative G6PD testing are essential before tafenoquine administration.
  • Further research is needed to determine optimal tafenoquine regimens and safety in specific regions like Southeast Asia, South America, and Oceania.