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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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What is Genetic Engineering?00:49

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Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Updated: Nov 26, 2025

Genome Editing in Mammalian Cell Lines using CRISPR-Cas
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Genome Editing in Mammalian Cell Lines using CRISPR-Cas

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CRISPR-derived genome editing technologies for metabolic engineering.

Keiji Nishida1, Akihiko Kondo1

  • 1Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, Japan; Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Japan.

Metabolic Engineering
|December 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CRISPR-Cas genome editing tools accelerate metabolic engineering by enabling precise gene modifications. Derivative technologies like base editing and CRISPRi offer safer, more versatile approaches for strain construction in industrial applications.

Keywords:
Base editingCRISPRGenome editingMetabolic engineeringRecombineering

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic Engineering
  • Synthetic Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Genome editing tools simplify gene and pathway discovery in metabolic engineering.
  • CRISPR-Cas systems are the preferred method for genome engineering in various organisms.
  • Host repair pathways influence CRISPR-Cas editing outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review CRISPR-related genome editing tools for metabolic engineering.
  • To highlight recent advances and technical basis of these tools.
  • To provide examples in industrially relevant organisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of CRISPR-Cas systems and derivative technologies.
  • Discussion of genome engineering modes (indels, replacements, knock-ins, etc.).
  • Exploration of base editing, CRISPRi, and CRISPRa.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR-Cas enables diverse genome engineering strategies.
  • Derivative technologies reduce cytotoxicity and offer gene expression control.
  • Streamlined gRNA library design facilitates multiplex and large-scale editing.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR-related tools significantly advance metabolic engineering.
  • These technologies accelerate the discovery, evaluation, and construction of metabolic pathways.
  • Applications span both eukaryotic and prokaryotic industrial organisms.