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Polonium behavior following a vacuum window rupture in a lead-bismuth eutectic based accelerator driven system.

Erik Karlsson1, Jörg Neuhausen2, Alexander Aerts3

  • 1Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland; University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.

Applied Radiation and Isotopes : Including Data, Instrumentation and Methods for Use in Agriculture, Industry and Medicine
|December 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study investigates polonium behavior in lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) reactors. Polonium evaporation and deposition were analyzed to ensure safety assessments for accelerator-driven systems.

Keywords:
Accelerator driven systemAdsorptionLead-bismuth eutecticPoloniumStainless steelThermochromatographyTransmutationVacuum

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Engineering
  • Radiochemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Accelerator-driven fast reactors using lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) are designed for nuclear waste transmutation.
  • Neutron capture in LBE produces polonium-210 (²¹⁰Po), a highly radiotoxic nuclide.
  • Assessing ²¹⁰Po behavior during potential coolant window failures is crucial for reactor safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To understand the evaporation and deposition behavior of polonium from neutron-irradiated LBE.
  • To provide essential data for safety assessments concerning ²¹⁰Po release in reactor accidents.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental study of polonium evaporation from neutron-irradiated LBE.
  • Deposition analysis using a scaled-down model of the reactor beam tube.
  • Monte Carlo simulations to complement experimental findings.

Main Results:

  • Polonium was observed to adsorb as a single species from LBE.
  • The adsorption enthalpy of polonium was determined to be approximately -156 kJ/mol.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides critical data on polonium behavior in LBE coolant under accident scenarios.
  • Findings support enhanced safety assessments for lead-bismuth eutectic cooled accelerator-driven reactors.