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Microbial antimonate reduction and removal potentials in river sediments.

Ziran Yang1, Hisaaki Hosokawa1, Masashi Kuroda1

  • 1Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.

Chemosphere
|December 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Microbial communities in river sediments can reduce and remove toxic antimony(V) (Sb(V)), even in low sulfate conditions. This indicates widespread Sb(V) reduction potential across diverse aquatic environments.

Keywords:
Antimonate reductionAntimonate-reducing bacteriaAntimony removalRiver sedimentSulfate-reducing bacteria

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Microbiology
  • Geochemistry

Background:

  • Antimony (Sb) is a toxic metalloid found in aquatic environments, primarily as Sb(V) and Sb(III).
  • Sb(V) is soluble and can be microbially reduced to insoluble Sb(III), influencing antimony's environmental fate.
  • Understanding microbial Sb(V) reduction is crucial for assessing and managing antimony contamination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the Sb(V) reduction and removal potential of river sediment microbial communities.
  • To investigate the influence of sulfate concentrations and mining activities on microbial Sb(V) reduction.
  • To identify microbial taxa involved in Sb(V) transformation in aquatic sediments.

Main Methods:

  • Collected sediment samples from urban and mining-impacted rivers.
  • Assessed Sb(V) reduction and removal under varying sulfate concentrations.
  • Enriched microbial cultures from sediments exhibiting Sb(V) reduction capabilities.
  • Analyzed microbial community composition in enrichment cultures.

Main Results:

  • Microbial Sb(V) reduction and removal occurred in sediments from both non-impacted and mining-impacted rivers.
  • Significant Sb(V) reduction was observed even at low sulfate concentrations, indicating broad microbial potential.
  • Evidence suggests multiple pathways for Sb(V) reduction, including direct microbial reduction and indirect sulfide-mediated reduction.
  • Specific microbial taxa, including Azospira and Clostridium, were identified as potential contributors to Sb(V) reduction.

Conclusions:

  • River sediment microbial communities possess a widespread potential for reducing and removing Sb(V) from aquatic environments.
  • Microbial Sb(V) reduction is not solely dependent on high sulfate levels, suggesting diverse metabolic strategies.
  • Understanding these microbial processes is key to developing bioremediation strategies for antimony-contaminated sites.
  • The identified microbial taxa offer targets for further research into antimony biogeochemical cycling.