Benign thyroid swelling presenting as Horner's syndrome

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Endocrinology
• Ophthalmology

Background:

• Horner's syndrome results from disrupted sympathetic nerve supply to the face and eye.
• Thyroid swelling is common, but rarely compresses the cervical sympathetic chain.
• Previous associations between thyroid issues and Horner's syndrome are documented.

Observation:

• A 54-year-old man presented with symptoms of Horner's syndrome.
• The patient had a benign thyroid nodule causing pressure on the sympathetic chain.
• This presentation was the first indication of the underlying thyroid swelling.

Findings:

• A benign thyroid nodule can cause Horner's syndrome through direct compression.
• Horner's syndrome can be the initial presenting sign of a benign thyroid swelling.
• This case represents a rare etiological link between thyroid pathology and neurological deficit.

Implications:

• Highlights the importance of considering thyroid pathology in unexplained Horner's syndrome.
• Suggests that benign thyroid nodules can have significant neurological consequences.
• Underscores the need for thorough evaluation of neck masses, even if seemingly benign.