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First-hand knowledge about snakes and snake-bite management: an urgent need.

Saurabh Bhargava1, Kiran Kumari1, Rajendra Kumar Sarin2

  • 1Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India.

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Most Indians lack crucial snake-bite first aid knowledge, even among medical professionals. Improving education on snake identification and management is vital to reduce fatalities from snake-bites.

Keywords:
anti-snake venombig fourdry bitefirst aidsnake-bite

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Toxicology
  • Medical Education

Background:

  • Snake-bite envenoming is a significant, yet neglected, health issue in India.
  • Inadequate knowledge of first aid significantly contributes to the high mortality rate of snake-bites.
  • Limited public and professional awareness regarding snake species and effective management strategies exacerbates the problem.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess and evaluate the knowledge of various occupational groups regarding snakes and snake-bite management.
  • To identify specific knowledge gaps in first aid and treatment protocols for snake-bites.
  • To highlight the need for improved educational interventions in snake-bite management.

Main Methods:

  • A pilot survey utilizing a structured, open-ended questionnaire.
  • Inclusion of diverse occupational groups: teachers, students, farmers, medical residents, and others.
  • Assessment of knowledge on snake identification, snake-bite experiences, and first aid measures.

Main Results:

  • A significant deficit in knowledge about snakes and snake-bite management was observed across most surveyed groups, including teachers and medical professionals.
  • Low awareness percentages were recorded for critical information such as the 'big four' venomous snakes (13%), dry bites (18%), and anti-snake venom (ASV) (21%).
  • Limited knowledge of diagnostic bedside tests (12%) and LD50 of the Indian cobra (11%) was also noted, with only 39% aware of traditional healers.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals widespread inadequate and often misleading fundamental knowledge regarding regional snakes, first aid, and victim welfare schemes.
  • There is an urgent need for enhanced educational curricula and further assessments to improve snake-bite management skills in the general population and healthcare providers.
  • Strengthening education is proposed as a key strategy to equip communities with essential primary skills for managing snake-bite emergencies effectively.