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First-hand knowledge about snakes and snake-bite management: an urgent need
Saurabh Bhargava1, Kiran Kumari1, Rajendra Kumar Sarin2
1Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India.
Nagoya Journal of Medical Science
|December 14, 2020
Summary
Most Indians lack crucial snake-bite first aid knowledge, even among medical professionals. Improving education on snake identification and management is vital to reduce fatalities from snake-bites.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Toxicology
- Medical Education
Background:
- Snake-bite envenoming is a significant, yet neglected, health issue in India.
- Inadequate knowledge of first aid significantly contributes to the high mortality rate of snake-bites.
- Limited public and professional awareness regarding snake species and effective management strategies exacerbates the problem.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess and evaluate the knowledge of various occupational groups regarding snakes and snake-bite management.
- To identify specific knowledge gaps in first aid and treatment protocols for snake-bites.
- To highlight the need for improved educational interventions in snake-bite management.
Main Methods:
- A pilot survey utilizing a structured, open-ended questionnaire.
- Inclusion of diverse occupational groups: teachers, students, farmers, medical residents, and others.
- Assessment of knowledge on snake identification, snake-bite experiences, and first aid measures.
Main Results:
- A significant deficit in knowledge about snakes and snake-bite management was observed across most surveyed groups, including teachers and medical professionals.
- Low awareness percentages were recorded for critical information such as the 'big four' venomous snakes (13%), dry bites (18%), and anti-snake venom (ASV) (21%).
- Limited knowledge of diagnostic bedside tests (12%) and LD50 of the Indian cobra (11%) was also noted, with only 39% aware of traditional healers.
Conclusions:
- The study reveals widespread inadequate and often misleading fundamental knowledge regarding regional snakes, first aid, and victim welfare schemes.
- There is an urgent need for enhanced educational curricula and further assessments to improve snake-bite management skills in the general population and healthcare providers.
- Strengthening education is proposed as a key strategy to equip communities with essential primary skills for managing snake-bite emergencies effectively.
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