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Updated: Nov 26, 2025

Assessment of Immunologically Relevant Dynamic Tertiary Structural Features of the HIV-1 V3 Loop Crown R2 Sequence by ab initio Folding
Published on: September 15, 2010
Corrigendum: The Effects of Framework Mutations at the Variable Domain Interface on Antibody Affinity Maturation in
Jeffrey O Zhou1, Hussain A Zaidi1, Therese Ton2
1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, United States.
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01529.].
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01529.].
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Antibody Structure
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Antibody Structure and Classes
The basic structure of an antibody consists of four protein chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. These chains are held together by disulfide bonds and other non-covalent interactions, forming a Y-shaped structure.