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Obesity

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...

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Updated: Nov 26, 2025

A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta

A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta

Published on: September 27, 2017

Obesity and pregnancy.

Cristina Oana Daciana Teodorescu¹, Alexandru Herdea², Adham Charkaoui³

¹"Alessandrescu-Rusescu" National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polizu Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.

|December 14, 2020

Summary

Obesity in pregnant women is linked to metabolic profile, not just weight. Key indicators like blood sugar and cholesterol levels significantly impact pregnancy outcomes, including gestational diabetes and premature birth.

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Area of Science:

Obstetrics and Gynecology
Metabolic Disorders
Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

Obesity is a prevalent metabolic disturbance affecting women of reproductive age, posing significant risks to both mother and fetus during pregnancy.
This study investigates the impact of obesity on pregnancy, focusing on metabolic profiles and associated complications.

Discussion:

A direct correlation exists between Body Mass Index (BMI) and elevated blood sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and uric acid.
An inverse correlation was observed between BMI and HDL cholesterol levels.
The study highlights the CT/HDL ratio, low HDL, and elevated LDL as primary risk factors for premature birth.

Key Insights:

The CT/HDL ratio, low HDL, and elevated triglycerides are identified as key risk factors for gestational diabetes onset.
Maternal obesity's impact on pregnancy is strongly associated with the patient's metabolic profile rather than solely body weight.
Specific metabolic markers are crucial predictors of adverse pregnancy outcomes in obese women.

Outlook:

Further research should explore targeted interventions based on individual metabolic profiles to mitigate risks associated with obesity in pregnancy.
Longitudinal studies could provide deeper insights into the long-term effects of maternal obesity and metabolic disturbances on offspring health.
Developing personalized management strategies for obese pregnant women is essential for improving maternal and fetal outcomes.