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Efficient Randomness Certification by Quantum Probability Estimation.

Yanbao Zhang1, Honghao Fu2, Emanuel Knill3,4

  • 1NTT Basic Research Laboratories and NTT Research Center for Theoretical Quantum Physics, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan.

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This study introduces quantum probability estimation for efficient quantum randomness generation. The method improves finite-data efficiency, especially in device-independent scenarios, using fewer trials for practical applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Cryptography
  • Information Theory

Background:

  • Practical quantum randomness generation requires certifying fresh random bits with minimal trials.
  • High finite-data efficiency is crucial for protocols dealing with quantum side information.
  • Existing methods often require extensive trials or specific conditions for randomness certification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel quantum probability estimation technique for efficient randomness generation.
  • To enhance protocols for both device-independent and device-dependent quantum randomness scenarios.
  • To improve finite-data efficiency in certifying quantum randomness, particularly in experimental settings.

Main Methods:

  • Developed quantum probability estimation to quantify randomness from experimental data.
  • Applied the technique to device-independent randomness generation within the CHSH Bell-test framework.
  • Generalized existing techniques for probability estimation in quantum information processing.

Main Results:

  • Achieved asymptotically optimal randomness rates with constant error.
  • Demonstrated significant improvements in finite-data efficiency, especially for small Bell violations.
  • Enabled stopping experiments once the randomness goal is met, adapting to changing conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Quantum probability estimation offers a powerful tool for practical quantum randomness generation.
  • The method provides enhanced finite-data efficiency, crucial for current and future quantum technologies.
  • Successfully implemented for device-independent scenarios, certifying randomness without prior Bell inequality analysis.