Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

7.4K
Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
7.4K
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

9.3K
Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into ...
9.3K
Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

3.8K
Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
3.8K
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

1.9K
Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
1.9K
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

3.1K
The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
3.1K
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

39.5K
Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
39.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mechanosensitive feedback organizes cell shape and motion during hindbrain neuropore morphogenesis.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same author

Chiari II brain malformation is secondary to open spina bifida.

Disease models & mechanisms·2026
Same author

Characterization of a Next-Generation Iron Oxide Coupling Medium for Transcranial Magnetic Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound.

Ultrasound in medicine & biology·2026
Same author

Trends of neural tube defects in urban China and effects of socio-demographic factors, 2013-2022: a descriptive analysis.

BMJ public health·2025
Same author

Artificial Intelligence in Interventional Pulmonology.

Therapeutic advances in pulmonary and critical care medicine·2025
Same author

A lateral tension model for mouse cranial neural tube closure.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 26, 2025

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification
07:23

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification

Published on: December 3, 2016

12.2K

Making and shaping endochondral and intramembranous bones.

Gabriel L Galea1,2, Mohamed R Zein3, Steven Allen2

  • 1Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK.

Developmental Dynamics : an Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists
|December 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Embryonic skeletal development involves precise positioning and shaping of bones through cellular mechanisms. This review explores how inductive signals and cellular behaviors during ossification determine skeletal form and function.

Keywords:
chondrocytemorphogenesisosteoblastplanar cell polarityskeletal development

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Bone Regeneration with Vascularized Artificial Cartilage Integration
06:05

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Bone Regeneration with Vascularized Artificial Cartilage Integration

Published on: July 14, 2023

1.3K
Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones
06:58

Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones

Published on: April 26, 2019

8.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 26, 2025

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification
07:23

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification

Published on: December 3, 2016

12.2K
Author Spotlight: Enhancing Bone Regeneration with Vascularized Artificial Cartilage Integration
06:05

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Bone Regeneration with Vascularized Artificial Cartilage Integration

Published on: July 14, 2023

1.3K
Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones
06:58

Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones

Published on: April 26, 2019

8.4K

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Skeletal Biology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Skeletal elements exhibit diverse shapes and sizes crucial for functions like locomotion and organ protection.
  • Precise skeletal morphology is established during embryonic development via endochondral or intramembranous ossification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review inductive mechanisms guiding bone positioning and patterning in embryos.
  • To compare intrinsic and extrinsic factors in skeletal development.
  • To detail cellular processes controlling skeletal shape and size.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on embryonic skeletal development.
  • Analysis of inductive signaling pathways.
  • Examination of cellular behaviors during ossification.

Main Results:

  • Skeletal development relies on inductive mechanisms for positioning and patterning.
  • Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors influence endochondral and intramembranous ossification.
  • Cellular processes like chondrocyte hypertrophy and secondary cartilage formation shape bone templates.
  • Mechanical cues and future load requirements influence cellular mechanisms.
  • Post-ossification remodeling adapts bone shape functionally.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular mechanisms precisely control skeletal shape and size during embryonic development.
  • Alterations in these processes contribute to evolutionary changes in skeletal morphology.
  • Embryonic origin influences postnatal bone repair characteristics.