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Related Concept Videos

Sharpless Epoxidation02:57

Sharpless Epoxidation

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The conversion of allylic alcohols into epoxides using the chiral catalyst was discovered by K. Barry Sharpless and is known as Sharpless epoxidation. The use of a chiral catalyst enables the formation of one enantiomer of the product in excess. This chiral catalyst is mainly a chiral complex of titanium tetraisopropoxide and tartrate ester (specific stereoisomer). The stereoisomer used in the chiral catalyst dictates the formation of the enantiomer of the product. In other words, the use of...
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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

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Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
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Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes03:08

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

10.2K
In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.
10.2K
SN2 Reaction: Stereochemistry02:23

SN2 Reaction: Stereochemistry

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In an SN2 reaction, the nucleophilic attack on the substrate and departure of the leaving group occurs simultaneously through a transition state. As the nucleophile approaches the substrate from the back-side, the configuration of the substrate carbon changes from tetrahedral to trigonal bipyramidal and then back to tetrahedral, leading to an inversion in the configuration of the product.
If the substrate is an achiral molecule at the α-carbon, the inversion of configuration is not...
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Preparation of Alcohols via Substitution Reactions01:38

Preparation of Alcohols via Substitution Reactions

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Overview
Alcohols can be synthesized from alkyl halides via nucleophilic substitution reactions. The highly polar carbon-halogen bond in the substrate makes halide a good leaving group.  The hydroxide ion or water can act as a nucleophile to take the place of halide and form an alcohol. The substitution reactions occur via two different reaction pathways, SN1 or SN2,  depending on the nature of carbon attached to the halide.
Primary alcohols are synthesized from primary alkyl halides, and the...
6.9K
Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Hydroboration02:36

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Hydroboration

9.1K
A significant aspect of hydroboration–oxidation is the regio- and stereochemical outcome of the reaction.
Hydroboration proceeds in a concerted fashion with the attack of borane on the π bond, giving a cyclic four-centered transition state. The –BH2 group is bonded to the less substituted carbon and –H to the more substituted carbon. The concerted nature requires the simultaneous addition of –H and –BH2 across the same face of the alkene giving syn stereochemistry.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 26, 2025

Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction
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Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction

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Selective Ethanol Oxidation Reaction at the Rh-SnO2 Interface.

Shuxing Bai1,2, Yong Xu1, Kailei Cao2

  • 1Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Energy Storage Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|December 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new catalyst for direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs). This catalyst enhances the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) selectivity towards CO2, improving fuel cell efficiency and stability.

Keywords:
SnO 2ethanol oxidation reactioninterfaces Rh nanosheetsselectivity

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The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
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The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) offer high energy density and renewability.
  • Ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) in DEFCs is inefficient due to poor selectivity to CO2 (C1 pathway).
  • Catalyst deactivation by intermediates hinders DEFC performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a highly selective and active catalyst for the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) in DEFCs.
  • To improve the selectivity towards CO2 (C1 pathway) in the EOR.
  • To enhance the stability and efficiency of DEFCs.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of SnO2-Rh nanosheets (NSs) as a catalyst.
  • Electrochemical characterization of the catalyst's performance in alkaline media.
  • Mechanism studies to understand the role of the Rh-SnO2 interface.

Main Results:

  • Optimized 0.2SnO2-Rh NSs/C catalyst achieved a mass activity of 213.2 mA mgRh-1 and 72.8% Faraday efficiency for C1 pathway.
  • Performance metrics were 1.7 and 1.9 times higher than Rh NSs/C.
  • Demonstrated enhanced C-C bond breaking and intermediate oxidation at the Rh-SnO2 interface.

Conclusions:

  • The Rh-SnO2 interface in SnO2-Rh NSs/C significantly promotes selective EOR to CO2.
  • The catalyst exhibits high activity, selectivity, and stability, suppressing deactivation.
  • This work provides a pathway for designing efficient DEFC catalysts through interface engineering.