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Scientists developed a method to analyze black hole multipole moments from horizonless microstate geometries. These geometries exhibit richer structures than Kerr black holes, offering new ways to test fuzzball models.

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Area of Science:

  • Theoretical physics
  • General relativity
  • Black hole astrophysics

Background:

  • The Kerr spacetime is the unique stationary solution for isolated black holes, characterized by mass and spin.
  • Black holes possess a multipolar structure that encodes information about their spacetime geometry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a general method for extracting multipole moments from arbitrary stationary spacetimes.
  • To apply this method to horizonless microstate geometries and compare their multipolar structure to Kerr black holes.
  • To explore the potential of multipole moments in phenomenologically constraining fuzzball models of black holes.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel mathematical framework to calculate multipole moments for any stationary spacetime.
  • Application of the method to a diverse set of horizonless microstate geometries.
  • Numerical analysis of the extracted multipole moments.

Main Results:

  • Horizonless microstate geometries can break the axial and equatorial symmetry of the Kerr metric.
  • These geometries exhibit a significantly richer multipolar structure compared to Kerr black holes of equivalent mass and spin.
  • Numerical evidence suggests that the absolute values of multipole moments in these geometries are generally larger than those of Kerr black holes.

Conclusions:

  • The multipolar structure of horizonless microstate geometries provides a new avenue for phenomenological constraints on fuzzball models.
  • Current measurements of black hole quadrupole moments offer limited constraints on fuzzballs.
  • Future gravitational-wave observations, particularly from LISA's extreme mass-ratio inspirals, will dramatically enhance the ability to constrain these models.