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Andrea Caputo1, Hongwan Liu2,3, Siddharth Mishra-Sharma2

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This study introduces a new method to analyze dark photon oscillations in an inhomogeneous universe, improving constraints on dark photon models. The findings reveal that previous homogeneous universe assumptions were not conservative, expanding experimental limits.

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Area of Science:

  • * Theoretical Physics
  • * Cosmology
  • * Particle Physics

Background:

  • * Dark photons are a proposed extension to the Standard Model, interacting with ordinary photons via kinetic mixing.
  • * Dark photon oscillations are sensitive to the photon plasma mass, which depends on free electron density.
  • * Previous research assumed a homogeneous universe, potentially overestimating constraints.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To develop an analytic formalism for resonant dark photon oscillations in an inhomogeneous universe.
  • * To derive new constraints on dark photon properties using cosmic microwave background (CMB) and primordial plasma heating.
  • * To assess the impact of cosmic inhomogeneities on existing experimental limits.

Main Methods:

  • * Developed an analytic formalism to model resonant oscillations in inhomogeneous media.
  • * Applied the formalism to CMB photon oscillations into dark photons.
  • * Analyzed primordial plasma heating from dark matter converting into photons.

Main Results:

  • * Inhomogeneities in the photon plasma mass significantly affect dark photon oscillation resonances.
  • * Constraints derived from CMB observations are non-conservative under homogeneous assumptions.
  • * New limits extend experimental reach into previously unexplored parameter space for dark photons.

Conclusions:

  • * The developed formalism accurately captures resonant oscillations in inhomogeneous cosmologies.
  • * Accounting for inhomogeneities is crucial for robust dark photon searches.
  • * This work opens new avenues for exploring dark photon physics and its cosmological implications.