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Peptidic vaccines: The new cure for heart diseases?
Carlos Enrique Guerrero-Beltrán1, Iván Alfredo Mijares-Rojas2, Gustavo Salgado-Garza2
1Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Cardiovascular y Metabolómica, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, San Pedro Garza García, N.L., Mexico.
Insights
Novel peptidic vaccines and nanovaccines offer promising immunotherapy for cardiovascular diseases. These approaches target atheroma formation and cardiac damage, potentially reducing disease progression in an aging population.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cardiology
- Nanomedicine
Background:
- Cardiovascular disease remains the leading global cause of mortality.
- While preventive strategies have reduced hospitalizations, an aging population presents ongoing challenges.
- Existing treatments focus on risk factors, but novel immunotherapies are needed.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review peptidic vaccines and immunotherapy for cardiovascular diseases.
- To explore the potential of cancer immunomodulatory strategies for cardiac conditions.
- To discuss nanoparticle and nanovaccine applications in cardiovascular disease prevention.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of peptidic vaccines and autoantigens in atheroma formation.
- Analysis of immunomodulatory strategies from cancer therapy.
- Discussion of nanoparticle and nanovaccine technologies for cardiovascular applications.
Main Results:
- Peptidic vaccines targeting autoantigens show potential for treating atheroma formation.
- Cancer immunotherapy principles can be adapted to modulate immune responses in the heart.
- Nanoparticles and nanovaccines represent a novel therapeutic avenue.
Conclusions:
- Immunotherapy, particularly using peptidic vaccines and nanovaccines, offers a promising strategy for cardiovascular disease.
- Targeting immune responses and utilizing advanced delivery systems can combat cardiac disease progression.
- These novel approaches may reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease globally.
Abstract:
Cardiovascular disease continues to be the most common cause of death worldwide. The global burden is so high that numerous organizations are providing counseling recommendations and annual revisions of current pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments as well as risk prediction for disease prevention and further progression. Although primary preventive interventions targeting risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, smoking, and sedentarism have led to a global decline in hospitalization rates, the aging population has overwhelmed these efforts on a global scale. This review focuses on peptidic vaccines, with the known and not well-known autoantigens in atheroma formation or acquired cardiac diseases, as novel potential immunotherapy approaches to counteract harmful heart disease continuance. We summarize how cancer immunomodulatory strategies started novel approaches to modulate the innate and adaptive immune responses, and how they can be targeted for therapeutic purposes in the cardiovascular system. Brief descriptions focused on the processes that start as either immunologic or non-immunologic, and the ultimate loss of cardiac muscle cell contractility as the outcome, are discussed. We conclude debating how novel strategies with nanoparticles and nanovaccines open a promising therapeutic option to reduce or prevent cardiovascular diseases.
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