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The cadherins are a superfamily of cell adhesion molecules comprising over 180 variants, with specific tissues expressing a particular combination of cadherin types. Cadherins generally exhibit homophilic binding; i.e., cadherins on one cell bind to cadherins of the same or closely related type on another cell. Thus, cells of the same type have a specific affinity to bind to each other and sort themselves into clusters to form tissues.
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Lamin A/C: Function in Normal and Tumor Cells.

Niina Dubik1, Sabine Mai1

  • 1Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E0V9, Canada.

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|December 15, 2020
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Summary

Lamin A/C is a nuclear protein vital for cell structure and function. Its mutations cause diseases (laminopathies), and its altered expression in cancer is linked to poor prognosis and potential as a biomarker.

Keywords:
cancergenomic instabilitylamin A/Clamin proteinsnuclear laminaprostate cancertumor cells

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Lamin A/C is a crucial nuclear protein involved in diverse cellular processes.
  • Its functions include maintaining structural stability, mechanosensing, gene regulation, and DNA repair.
  • Dysregulation and mutations in lamin A/C are associated with various diseases and cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of lamin A/C in normal and diseased cells.
  • To discuss laminopathies resulting from lamin A/C gene mutations or protein processing errors.
  • To examine the deregulation of lamin A/C in cancer and its implications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on lamin A/C.
  • Summary of known functions and cellular roles.
  • Analysis of evidence linking lamin A/C to diseases and cancer progression.

Main Results:

  • Lamin A/C plays critical roles in cell structure, motility, mechanosensing, chromosome organization, gene regulation, differentiation, DNA repair, and telomere protection.
  • Mutations and processing errors lead to laminopathies, including muscle disorders and aging diseases.
  • Lamin A/C deregulation in cancer correlates with genomic instability, increased mechanical tolerance, aggressive phenotypes, and poorer prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • Lamin A/C is essential for cellular integrity and function, with its dysfunction leading to severe diseases.
  • Altered lamin A/C expression is a significant factor in cancer development and progression.
  • Lamin A/C holds potential as a diagnostic biomarker, particularly for intermediate Gleason score prostate cancer.