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Green Infrastructure and Health.

Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen1,2,3,4

  • 1ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona 08003, Spain;

Annual Review of Public Health
|December 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Green infrastructure offers environmental benefits like flood mitigation and temperature regulation. While its direct health impacts require more research, larger projects show potential for improved health outcomes and reduced mortality.

Keywords:
air pollutioncrimegreen infrastructuregreen spacehealthviolence

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Public Health
  • Urban Planning

Background:

  • Green space benefits are established, but health effects of green infrastructure are less understood.
  • Green infrastructure is a planned network of natural/semi-natural areas providing ecosystem services for human health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the health effects of green infrastructure.
  • To differentiate health impacts of small-scale vs. large-scale green infrastructure.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing literature.
  • Analysis of studies on green roofs, walls, larger infrastructure, parks, and street trees.

Main Results:

  • Small green infrastructure (green roofs/walls) mitigates urban flooding, temperature, air quality, and noise, but direct health links are unclear.
  • Larger green infrastructure is linked to reduced temperatures, air pollution, and crime, with some evidence suggesting health benefits like decreased mortality.
  • The classification of parks and street trees as green infrastructure with health benefits requires further clarification.

Conclusions:

  • Green infrastructure provides environmental benefits, with potential indirect health advantages.
  • More research is needed to directly link green infrastructure features to specific human health outcomes.
  • Distinguishing between different scales and types of green infrastructure is crucial for understanding their health impacts.