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Renal complications in coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review

Taichiro Minami1,2, Yasunori Iwata3, Takashi Wada3

  • 1Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 4 Blackfan Street, Boston, MA, USA. tminami1@bwh.harvard.edu.

Inflammation and Regeneration
|December 15, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can cause acute kidney injury (AKI) in COVID-19 patients. This review details renal pathology and mechanisms linking SARS-CoV-2 infection to kidney damage.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Virology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, presents significant global health challenges.
  • SARS-CoV-2 utilizes the ACE2 receptor, present in organs like the kidneys, leading to potential renal complications.
  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical and life-threatening complication observed in COVID-19 patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the renal histological patterns associated with COVID-19.
  • To discuss the potential mechanisms underlying the development of AKI in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review of existing literature.
  • Analysis of reported renal histological findings in COVID-19 patients.
  • Discussion of proposed pathophysiological mechanisms for COVID-19-related AKI.

Main Results:

  • Detailed descriptions of various renal histological patterns observed in COVID-19.
  • Exploration of potential pathways, including direct viral effects and immune-mediated damage, contributing to AKI.
  • Identification of ACE2 receptor expression as a key factor in renal susceptibility.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 significantly impacts renal function, with AKI being a common and severe outcome.
  • Understanding the specific renal pathologies and mechanisms is crucial for managing COVID-19 patients.
  • Further research into the intricate relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and kidney injury is warranted.
Keywords:
AKICOVID-19Renal complication

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