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Neuromodulation Therapies for Spasticity Control: Now and Beyond
Johnie O Hodge1, Cheryl L Brandmeir2, Nicholas J Brandmeir1
1Department of Neurosurgery, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, Morgantown, WV, United States.
Spasticity, a debilitating condition after upper motor neuron (UMN) injury, is increasingly managed with neuromodulation techniques. Recent advancements focus on addressing the root causes of spasticity through physiotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and surgery.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Rehabilitation Medicine
Background:
- Spasticity significantly impairs function after upper motor neuron (UMN) injury.
- Diagnosis and treatment of spasticity are critical clinical and research priorities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current and emerging treatment strategies for spasticity.
- To discuss advancements in spasticity assessment and neuromodulation therapies.
Main Methods:
- Narrative review of existing literature.
- Discussion of physiotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and surgical management.
- Focus on neuromodulation over symptomatic treatment.
Main Results:
- Significant progress in spasticity assessment methods.
- Development of novel neuromodulation treatments.
- Integration of advanced techniques across management categories.
Conclusions:
- Neuromodulation represents a shift towards addressing the underlying causes of spasticity.
- A comprehensive approach combining physiotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and surgery is essential.
- Ongoing research promises improved outcomes for patients with spasticity.
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