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Updated: Nov 25, 2025

Author Spotlight: Studying the Impact of Maternal Dietary Deficiencies on Long-Term Offspring Health Outcomes
Published on: June 28, 2024
The Role of Magnesium in Pregnancy and in Fetal Programming of Adult Diseases
Daniela Fanni1,2, C Gerosa3,4, V M Nurchi5
1UOC Sezione di Anatomia patologica, Dipartimento di scienze Mediche e Sanità pubblica, University of Cagliari, Via ospedale, 54, 09124, Cagliari, Italy. daniela.fanni@unica.it.
Abstract:
Magnesium is an essential trace metal and a necessary factor for multiple biochemical functions in humans. Its role in biology is fundamental in over 600 enzymatic reactions implicated in protein synthesis, mitochondrial functions, neuromuscular activity, bone formation, and immune system competence. Magnesium status is relevant in fetal development during gestation and in the newborn growth during the perinatal period. Moreover, magnesium is able to influence fetal programming and disease presentation in childhood or adulthood. The aim of this review is to focus on this metal homeostasis, analyzing its normal values, the causes of hypomagnesemia, the interaction with drugs and other conditions, and the diseases associated with magnesium value alteration during pregnancy, in order to study its role in fetal programming of adult diseases. The data here reported clearly indicated the existence of a connection between magnesium status and human pathology starting from intrauterine life and extending into childhood and adulthood.
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