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Related Concept Videos

Optimizing Chromatographic Separations01:15

Optimizing Chromatographic Separations

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Optimizing chromatographic separations is crucial for obtaining clean separations in a minimum amount of time. Optimization is required for several factors, including kinetic effects related to band broadening, plate height, capacity factor, and separation factor.
Band broadening refers to spreading solute bands as they travel through the column. This broadening can impact resolution. Plate height (H) represents the length required for one theoretical plate. A lower plate height corresponds to...
686
Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Updated: Nov 25, 2025

Laboratory Production of Biofuels and Biochemicals from a Rapeseed Oil through Catalytic Cracking Conversion
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Novel oil extraction technologies: Process conditions, quality parameters, and optimization.

Peter Waboi Mwaurah1, Sunil Kumar1, Nitin Kumar1

  • 1Department of Processing and Food Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125 004, India.

Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety
|December 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Modern green solvent extraction methods offer eco-friendly alternatives to traditional organic solvents for oil extraction. Techniques like enzymatic and microwave-assisted extraction show promise for efficient and sustainable oil production.

Keywords:
enzymatic aqueous extractionmicrowave-assisted extractionnonconventional extraction techniquesoil yieldpulse electric field-assisted extractionultrasound-assisted extraction

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Area of Science:

  • Green Chemistry
  • Biotechnology
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Conventional organic solvent oil extraction methods raise significant health, safety, and environmental concerns.
  • Green solvents (water, ethanol, CO2, etc.) and advanced techniques are emerging as sustainable alternatives.
  • These methods reduce pollution, use renewable resources, and minimize hazardous chemical synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review modern, environmentally friendly oil extraction techniques.
  • To analyze parameters influencing oil yield and quality.
  • To discuss industrial applications and optimized conditions for various oil-bearing materials.

Main Methods:

  • Exploration of green solvents like water, ethanol, ethyl acetate, CO2, ionic liquids, and terpenes.
  • Review of advanced extraction technologies: microwave-assisted enzymatic extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid technology, high pressure-assisted extraction, and pulse electric field-assisted extraction.
  • Analysis of aqueous enzymatic extraction, detailing enzyme selection, substrate ratios, temperature, and pH.

Main Results:

  • Green solvents are non-polluting and stable over a wide temperature range (0–140 °C).
  • Microwave-assisted extraction demonstrates enhanced mass transfer, high throughput, and efficiency (275–1000 W, 30–60 °C).
  • Aqueous enzymatic extraction typically uses 1-8% enzyme, 40–55 °C, and pH 4–8 for optimal oil recovery.

Conclusions:

  • Modern extraction techniques offer sustainable and efficient alternatives to conventional methods.
  • Optimized parameters for various green extraction techniques are crucial for maximizing oil yield and quality.
  • These advancements pave the way for greener industrial oil production.