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The Soil Ecosystem02:23

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Steeper spatial scaling patterns of subsoil microbiota are shaped by deterministic assembly process.

Xiongfeng Du1,2, Ye Deng1,2,3, Shuzhen Li1,4

  • 1CAS Key Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.

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Summary

Prokaryotic biodiversity in grassland soils shows distinct spatial patterns across soil depths. Deterministic processes increasingly drive community assembly with greater depth, influenced by geographic distance and soil properties.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Soil microbiology
  • Biogeography
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Spatial scaling of microbial communities is well-studied in surface soils.
  • Understanding deeper soil strata patterns and mechanisms remains limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess spatial scaling of prokaryotic biodiversity in three soil strata (Upper, Middle, Substratum).
  • To investigate taxonomic and phylogenetic distance-decay relationships (DDRs) and species-area relationships (SARs).
  • To determine community assembly processes and their depth-related changes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic assessment of prokaryotic biodiversity across soil depths (0-100 cm).
  • Analysis of distance-decay relationships (DDRs) and species-area relationships (SARs).
  • Application of null models (normalized stochasticity ratio - NST) and phylogenetic methods (βNTI) to infer community assembly.

Main Results:

  • Significant biogeographic patterns (DDRs and SARs) were observed in all soil strata.
  • Taxonomic turnover rates were higher than phylogenetic turnover rates.
  • Spatial turnover rates (β and z values) increased with soil depth.
  • Prokaryotic communities assembled primarily through deterministic mechanisms, with increasing importance with depth.
  • Geographic distance and soil properties influenced biodiversity, with spatial distance being the dominant factor.

Conclusions:

  • Prokaryotic biodiversity exhibits distinct spatial scaling and assembly patterns across soil depths.
  • Deterministic processes play an increasingly significant role in community assembly with increasing soil depth.
  • Spatial distance is a primary driver of prokaryotic biodiversity structure in grassland soils.
  • This study provides novel insights into below-surface soil prokaryote biogeography and assembly mechanisms.